Ampere's Law
The line integral of the magnetic flux around
a closed curve is proportional to the algebraic sum of electric currents
flowing through that closed curve; or, in differential form curl B = J.
Archimedes' Principle
Avogadro's Hypothesis (1811)
Bernoulli's Equation
Biot-Savart Law
A law which describes the
contributions to a magnetic field by an electric current. It is analogous to Coulomb's law.
Boyle's Law (1662); Mariotte's law (1676)
Bragg's Law (1912)
The continuous random
motion of solid microscopic particles when suspended in a fluid medium due to
the consequence of ongoing bombardment by atoms and molecules.
A quantum mechanical
effect, where two very large plates placed close to each other will experience
an attractive force, in the absence of other forces. The cause is virtual
particle-antiparticle pair creation in the vicinity of the plates. Also, the
speed of light will be increased in the region between the two plates, in the
direction perpendicular to them.
The principle that cause must always preceed effect. More formally, if an
event A ("the cause") somehow influences an event B ("the
effect") which occurs later in time, then event B cannot
in turn have an influence on event A. That is, event B must
occur at a later time t than event A, and further,
all frames must agree upon this ordering.
A pseudoforce on an object when
it is moving in uniform circular motion. The "force" is directed
outward from the center of motion.
Charles' Law (1787)
Cherenkov Radiation
Radiation
emitted by a massive particle which is moving faster than light in the medium
through which it is traveling. No particle can travel faster than light in
vacuum, but the speed of light in other media, such as water, glass, etc., are
considerably lower. Cherenkov radiation is the electromagnetic analogue of the
sonic boom, though Cherenkov radiation is a shockwave set up in the
electromagnetic field.
Complementarity Principle
The principle that a given system cannot exhibit both wave-like behavior and particle-like
behavior at the same time. That is, certain experiments will reveal the
wave-like nature of a system, and certain experiments will reveal the
particle-like nature of a system, but no experiment will reveal both
simultaneously.
An
effect that demonstrates that photons (the quantum of electromagnetic
radiation) have momentum. A photon fired at a stationary particle, such as an
electron, will impart momentum to the electron and, since its energy has been
decreased, will experience a corresponding decrease in frequency.
The total mass-energy of a closed system
remains constant.
The total electric charge of a closed system
remains constant.
The total linear momentum of a closed system
remains constant.
The total angular momentum of a closed system
remains constant.
There
are several other laws that deal with particle physics, such as conservation of
baryon number, of strangeness, etc., which are conserved in some fundamental
interactions (such as the electromagnetic interaction) but not others (such as
the weak interaction).
One of the postulates of A. Einstein's special theory of relativity,
which puts forth that the speed of light in vacuum is measured as the same speed to all observers,
regardless of their relative motion.
An equation which states that a fluid flowing through a pipe flows at a
rate which is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the pipe.
It is in essence a restatement of the conservation of mass during constant
flow.
The idea, suggested by Copernicus, that the Sun, not the Earth, is at the
center of the Universe. We now know that neither idea is correct.
Coriolis Pseudoforce (1835)
A pseudoforce which arises because of motion relative
to a frame of reference which is itself rotating relative to a second, inertial
frame. The magnitude of the Coriolis "force" is dependent on the
speed of the object relative to the noninertial frame, and the direction of the
"force" is orthogonal to the object's velocity.
The principle that when a new, more general theory is put forth, it must
reduce to the more specialized (and usually simpler) theory under normal
circumstances. There are correspondence principles for general relativity to
special relativity and special relativity to Newtonian mechanics, but the most
widely known correspondence principle is that of quantum mechanics to classical
mechanics.
Coulomb's Law
The primary law for
electrostatics, analogous to Newton's law of universal gravitation. It states that the force between
two point charges is proportional to the algebraic product of their respective
charges as well as proportional to the inverse square of the distance between
them.
Curie's Law
Curie-Weiss Law
A more general form of Curie's Law, which states that the
susceptibility of a paramagnetic substance is related to its thermodynamic
temperature T by the equation KHI
= C/T - W, where W is the Weiss constant.
Dalton's Law of
partial pressures
Waves
emitted by a moving object as received by an observer will be blueshifted
(compressed) if approaching, redshifted (elongated) if receding. It occurs both
in sound as well as electromagnetic phenomena.
Dulong-Petit Law (1819)
The molar heat capacity is
approximately equal to the three times the ideal gas constant:
The cornerstone of Einstein's general theory of relativity, relating the
gravitational tensor G to the
stress-energy tensor T by the simple equation G = 8 pi T.
stress-energy tensor T by the simple equation G = 8 pi T.
The energy E of a particle is equal to its mass M times the square of the
speed of light c, giving rise to the best known physics equation in the
Universe: E = M c2.
The basic postulate of A. Einstein's general theory of relativity, which
posits that an acceleration is fundamentally indistinguishable from a
gravitational field.
Faraday's Law
Faraday's Laws of electrolysis
The amount of chemical change during
electrolysis is proportional to the charge passed.
The charge Q required to
deposit or liberate a mass m is proportional to the charge z of
the ion, the mass, and inversely proportional to the relative ionic mass M;
mathematically Q = F m z / M,
An electromotive force is induced in a
conductor when the magnetic field surrounding it changes.
The magnitude of the electromotive force is
proportional to the rate of change of the field.
The sense of the induced electromotive force
depends on the direction of the rate of the change of the field.
The principle states that the path taken by a ray of light between any
two points in a system is always the path that takes the least time.
Gauss' Law for magnetic fields
The magnetic flux through a closed surface is
zero; no magnetic charges exist; in differential form
div B = 0.
div B = 0.
When
charged particles flow through a tube which has both an electric field and a
magnetic field (perpendicular to the electric field) present in it, only
certain velocities of the charged particles are preferred, and will make it
un-deviated through the tube; the rest will be deflected into the sides.
Hooke's Law
Huygens' Principle
An equation which sums up the ideal gas laws in
one simple equation P V = n R T,
Joule-Thomson
Effect; Joule-Kelvin Effect
The heat Q produced when a
current I flows through a resistance R for a
specified time t is given by Q = I2 R
t.
The sum of the potential differences
encountered in a round trip around any closed loop in a circuit is zero.
The sum of the currents toward a branch point
is equal to the sum of the currents away from the same branch point.
Kohlrausch's
Law
Lambert's Laws
The illuminance on a surface illuminated by
light falling on it perpendicularly from a point source is proportional to the
inverse square of the distance between the surface and the source.
If the rays meet the surface at an angle, then
the illuminance is proportional to the cosine of the angle with the normal.
The luminous intensity of light decreases
exponentially with distance as it travels through an absorbing medium.
Laplace Equation
For
steady-state heat conduction in one dimension, the temperature distribution is
the solution to Laplace's equation, which states that the second derivative of
temperature with respect to displacement is zero.
Lenz's Law
(1835)
The
ratio of the speed of an object in a given medium to the speed of sound in that
medium.
Mach's Principle (1870)
Gauss' law
The electric flux through a closed surface is
proportional to the algebraic sum of electric charges contained within that
closed surface; in differential form div E = rho, where rho is
the charge density.
Gauss' law for magnetic fields
The magnetic flux through a closed surface is
zero; no magnetic charges exist. In differential form div B =
0.
Faraday's law
The line integral of the electric field around
a closed curve is proportional to the instantaneous time rate of change of the
magnetic flux through a surface bounded by that closed curve; in differential
form curl E = -dB/dt,..
The line integral of the magnetic field around
a closed curve is proportional to the sum of two terms: first, the algebraic
sum of electric currents flowing through that closed curve; and second, the
instantaneous time rate of change of the electric flux through a surface
bounded by that closed curve; in differential form curl H = J +
dD/dt,.
In
addition to describing electromagnetism, his equations also predict that waves
can propagate through the electromagnetic field, and would always propagate at
the the speed of light in vacuum.
Murphy's Law (1942)
Newton's Law of universal gravitation
Two bodies attract each other with equal and
opposite forces; the magnitude of this force is proportional to the product of
the two masses and is also proportional to the inverse square of the distance
between the centers of mass of the two bodies; F = (G m
M/r2) e, where m and M are
the masses of the two bodies, r is the distance between. the
two, and e is a unit vector directed from the test mass to the second.
Newton's Laws of motion
A body continues in its state of constant
velocity (which may be zero) unless it is acted upon by an external force.
For an unbalanced force acting on a body, the
acceleration produced is proportional to the force impressed; the constant of
proportionality is the inertial mass of the body.
In a system where no external forces are
present, every action force is always opposed by an equal and opposite reaction
force.
Occam's
Razor (1340)
Ohm's Law
(1827)
Pascal's
Principle
In
a hierarchy, every employee tends to rise to his level of incompetence.
For
a wavefront intersecting a reflecting surface, the angle of incidence is equal
to the angle of reflection, in the same plane defined by the ray of incidence
and the normal.
For
a wavefront traveling through a boundary between two media, the first with a
refractive index of n1, and the other with one ofn2,
the angle of incidence theta is related to the angle of
refraction phi by n1 sin theta = n2 sin phi.
The principle, employed by Einstein's relativity theories, that the laws
of physics are the same, at least qualitatively, in all frames. That is, there
is no frame that is better (or qualitatively any different) from any other.
This principle, along with the constancy principle,
constitute the founding principles of special relativity.
Stefan-Boltzmann
Law
The radiated power P (rate
of emission of electromagnetic energy) of a hot body is proportional to the
radiating surface area, A, and the fourth power of the
thermodynamic temperature, T. The constant of proportionality is
the Stefan-Boltzmann
constant. Mathematically P = e sigma A T4,.where
the efficiency rating e is called the emissivity of the
object.
The general idea that, when a number of influences are acting on a
system, the total influence on that system is merely the sum of the individual
influences; that is, influences governed by the superposition principle add
linearly.
The change in internal energy of a system is
the sum of the heat transferred to or from the system and the work done on or
by the system.
The entropy -- a measure of the unavailability
of a system's energy to do useful work -- of a closed system tends to increase
with time.
For changes involving only perfect crystalline
solids at absolute zero, the change of the total entropy is zero.
If two bodies are each in thermal equilibrium
with a third body, then all three bodies are in thermal equilibrium with each
other.
A principle, central to quantum mechanics, which states that two
complementary parameters (such as position and momentum, energy and time, or
angular momentum and angular displacement) cannot both be known to infinite
accuracy; the more you know about one, the less you know about the other.
Forces responsible for the non-ideal behavior of gases, and for the
lattice energy of molecular crystals. There are three causes: dipole-dipole
interaction; dipole-induced dipole moments; and dispersion forces arising
because of small instantaneous dipoles in atoms.
Wave-Particle Duality
Wiedemann-Franz
Law
Torque or Turning Force:
It is the total amount of force which is required to create acceleration on moving substance.
Couple:
Two forces those acts on equally,parallely & oppositely on two separate points of same material.
Moment:
It is the amount of moving effect which is gained for action of turning force.
Stress:
It is the force that can prevent equal & opposite force. That means, it is the preventing force. If one force acts on outside of a material, then a reactive force automatically acts to protest that force. The amount of reactive force per unit area is called stress. e.g. Tensile Stress, Compressive Stress, Thermal Stress.
Strain:
If a force acts on a substance, then in that case if the substance would deform. Then the amount of deformation per unit length of that substance is called strain.
Spring:
It is one type of device which is being distorted under certain amount of load & also can also go to its original face after the removal of that load.
It is the total amount of force which is required to create acceleration on moving substance.
Couple:
Two forces those acts on equally,parallely & oppositely on two separate points of same material.
Moment:
It is the amount of moving effect which is gained for action of turning force.
Stress:
It is the force that can prevent equal & opposite force. That means, it is the preventing force. If one force acts on outside of a material, then a reactive force automatically acts to protest that force. The amount of reactive force per unit area is called stress. e.g. Tensile Stress, Compressive Stress, Thermal Stress.
Strain:
If a force acts on a substance, then in that case if the substance would deform. Then the amount of deformation per unit length of that substance is called strain.
Spring:
It is one type of device which is being distorted under certain amount of load & also can also go to its original face after the removal of that load.
Its
function: To store energy, To absorb
energy, To control motion of two elements.
Stiffness:
Load per unit deflection. The amount of load required to resist the deflection.
Stiffness:
Load per unit deflection. The amount of load required to resist the deflection.
Specific Weight:
Weight per unit volume of the fluid.
Specific Volume:
Volume per unit mass of the fluid.
Specific Gravity:
It is the ratio of specific weight of required substance to specific weight of pure water at 4 degree centigrade temperature.
Specific heat:
The amount of heat required to increase 1 unit temperature of 1 unit mass.
Viscosity:
Dynamic Viscosity:
The amount of resistance of one layer of fluid over other layer of fluid.
Kinematic Viscosity:
It is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to density.
Buoyancy:
When a body is immersed in a liquid, it is lifted up by a force equal to weight of liquid displaced by the body. The tendency of liquid to lift up an immersed body is buoyancy. The upward thrust of liquid to lift up the body is called buoyancy force.
Bernoulli's Equation:
P/γ +V²/2g +Z = Constant
Where, P =
pressure,V = velocity,Z = Datumn Head
Devices for fluid:
1. Venturimeter: It measures discharge of fluid.
2. Notches : It measures discharge of fluid.
3. Orifice meter: It measures discharge of fluid.
4. Pitot tube : It measures velocity of fluid.
Mach Number:
It is the ratio of the velocity of fluid to the velocity of sound.
M=1 ----------------- Sonic flow
M> (1-6) ----------- Super-Sonic flow
M>6 ---------------- Hyper-Sonic flow
It is the ratio of the velocity of fluid to the velocity of sound.
M=1 ----------------- Sonic flow
M> (1-6) ----------- Super-Sonic flow
M>6 ---------------- Hyper-Sonic flow
Fluid discharge/Fluid flow:
Quantity of fluid flowing per second. (through a section of pipe/ through a section of channel)
Quantity of fluid flowing per second. (through a section of pipe/ through a section of channel)
Q=AV
where, V=
velocity of fluid,A= cross-sectional area of pipe/channel
Note: 1m³ = 1000 L1 cusec = 1 ft³/sec1 ft = 0.3048 m
Hydraulic Machine:
Turbine,Pump,Compressor etc.
Draft tube:
It attaches with reaction turbine . Its function is to reduce energy loss from reaction turbine & it also reduce pressure at outlet which is must blow the atmospheric pressure.
Themodynamics Law:
Zeroth Law:
If two body are in thermal equilibrium with a third body then these two body are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Note: 1m³ = 1000 L1 cusec = 1 ft³/sec1 ft = 0.3048 m
Hydraulic Machine:
Turbine,Pump,Compressor etc.
Draft tube:
It attaches with reaction turbine . Its function is to reduce energy loss from reaction turbine & it also reduce pressure at outlet which is must blow the atmospheric pressure.
Themodynamics Law:
Zeroth Law:
If two body are in thermal equilibrium with a third body then these two body are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
First Law of
Thermodynamics:
In a closed system, work deliver to the surrounding is directly proportonal to the heat taken from the surrounding.And also, In a closed system, work done on a system is directly proportonal to the heat deliver to the surrounding.
In a closed system, work deliver to the surrounding is directly proportonal to the heat taken from the surrounding.And also, In a closed system, work done on a system is directly proportonal to the heat deliver to the surrounding.
Second Law
of Thermodynamics:
It is impossible to make a system or an engine which can change 100 percent input energy to 100 percent output.
It is impossible to make a system or an engine which can change 100 percent input energy to 100 percent output.
Entropy:
It is a thermodynamic property.
It is a thermodynamic property.
ds = dq/T where, ds = change of entropy, dq = change
of heat, T = Temperature.
In adiabatic
process, entropy can not change. Actually,lacking or mal-adroitness of
tranfering energy of a system is entropy.
Calorific Value of fuel:
It us the total amount of heat obtained from burning 1 kg solid or liquid fuel.
It us the total amount of heat obtained from burning 1 kg solid or liquid fuel.
Boiler/Steam Generator:
It is a clossed vessel which is made of steel. Its function is to transfer heat to water to generate steam.
It is a clossed vessel which is made of steel. Its function is to transfer heat to water to generate steam.
Economiser:
It is a part of boiler. Its function is to heat feed water which is supplied to boiler.
It is a part of boiler. Its function is to heat feed water which is supplied to boiler.
Superheater:
It is a part of boiler. Its function is to increase temperature of steam into boiler.
It is a part of boiler. Its function is to increase temperature of steam into boiler.
Air-Preheater:
It is a part of boiler. Its funtion is to preheats the air to be supplied to furnace and it recover heat from exhaust gas.
It is a part of boiler. Its funtion is to preheats the air to be supplied to furnace and it recover heat from exhaust gas.
Boler Draught:
It is an important term for boiler. It is the difference of pressure above and below the fire grate. This pressure difference have to maintain very carefully inside the bolier. It actually maintaind the rate of steam generation. This depends on rate of fuel burning. Inside the boiler rate of fuel burning is maintained with rate of entry fresh air. If proper amount of fresh air never entered into the boiler, then proper amount of fuel inside the boiler never be burnt. So, proper fresh air enters into the boiler only by maintaining boiler draught.
It is an important term for boiler. It is the difference of pressure above and below the fire grate. This pressure difference have to maintain very carefully inside the bolier. It actually maintaind the rate of steam generation. This depends on rate of fuel burning. Inside the boiler rate of fuel burning is maintained with rate of entry fresh air. If proper amount of fresh air never entered into the boiler, then proper amount of fuel inside the boiler never be burnt. So, proper fresh air enters into the boiler only by maintaining boiler draught.
Nozzle:
Nozzle is a duct of varying cros-sectional area. Actually, it is a passage of varying cross-sectional area. It converts steam's heat energy into mechanical energy. It is one type of pipe or tube that carrying liquid or gas.
Nozzle is a duct of varying cros-sectional area. Actually, it is a passage of varying cross-sectional area. It converts steam's heat energy into mechanical energy. It is one type of pipe or tube that carrying liquid or gas.
Scavenging:
It is the process of removing burnt gas from combustion chamber of engine cylinder.
It is the process of removing burnt gas from combustion chamber of engine cylinder.
Supercharging:
Actually, power output of engine depends on what amount of air enter into the engine through intake manifold. Amount of entry aiy if increased, then must be engine speed will increased. Amount of air will be increased by increasing inlet air density. The process of increasing inlet air density is supercharging. The device which is used for supercharging is called supercharger.Superchargeris driven by a belt from engine crakshaft. It is installed in intake system.
Actually, power output of engine depends on what amount of air enter into the engine through intake manifold. Amount of entry aiy if increased, then must be engine speed will increased. Amount of air will be increased by increasing inlet air density. The process of increasing inlet air density is supercharging. The device which is used for supercharging is called supercharger.Superchargeris driven by a belt from engine crakshaft. It is installed in intake system.
Turbocharging:
Turbocharging is similar to the supercharging. But in that case tubocharger is installed in exhaust system whereas supercharger is installed in intake system. Turbocharger is driven by force of exhaust gas. Generally, turbocharger is used for 2-stroke engine by utilizing exhaust energy of the engine, it recovers energy otherwise which would go waste.
Turbocharging is similar to the supercharging. But in that case tubocharger is installed in exhaust system whereas supercharger is installed in intake system. Turbocharger is driven by force of exhaust gas. Generally, turbocharger is used for 2-stroke engine by utilizing exhaust energy of the engine, it recovers energy otherwise which would go waste.
Governeor:
Its function id to regulate mean speed of engine when there are variation in the load. If load incrases on the engine, then engine's speed must decrease. In that case supply of working fluid have to increase. In the otherway, if load decrease on the engine, then engine' speed must increase. In that case supply of working fluid have to decrease.Governor automatcally, controls the supply of working fluid to the engine with varying load condition.
Its function id to regulate mean speed of engine when there are variation in the load. If load incrases on the engine, then engine's speed must decrease. In that case supply of working fluid have to increase. In the otherway, if load decrease on the engine, then engine' speed must increase. In that case supply of working fluid have to decrease.Governor automatcally, controls the supply of working fluid to the engine with varying load condition.
Flywheel:
It is the one of the main parts of the I.C. engine. Its main function id to store energy in the time of working stroke or expansion stroke. And, it releasesenergy to the crankshaft in the time of suction stroke, compression stroke & exhaust stroke. Because, engine has only one power producing stroke.
It is the one of the main parts of the I.C. engine. Its main function id to store energy in the time of working stroke or expansion stroke. And, it releasesenergy to the crankshaft in the time of suction stroke, compression stroke & exhaust stroke. Because, engine has only one power producing stroke.
Rating of fuel:
S.I. Engine:
Octane number. Octane number indicates ability of fuel to resist knock.
S.I. Engine:
Octane number. Octane number indicates ability of fuel to resist knock.
C.I. Engine:
Cetane Number. Cetane number indicates ability of ignition of diesel fuel. That means, how much fast ignites diesel fuel.
Stoichiometric ratio:
It is the chemically correct air-fuel ratio by volume. By which theoratically sufficient oxygen will be gotten to burn all combustible elements in fuel completely.
It is the chemically correct air-fuel ratio by volume. By which theoratically sufficient oxygen will be gotten to burn all combustible elements in fuel completely.
Heat Transfer:
It is a science which deals with energy transfer between material bodies as a result of temperature difference.There are three way to heat transfer such as-ConductionConvectionRadiation
It is a science which deals with energy transfer between material bodies as a result of temperature difference.There are three way to heat transfer such as-ConductionConvectionRadiation
Thermal Conductivity:
It is the quantity of heat flows between two parts of solid material by conduction. In this case following consideration will be important fact-
It is the quantity of heat flows between two parts of solid material by conduction. In this case following consideration will be important fact-
Time------ 1
sec
Area of that
solid material-------- 1 m²
Thickness of
that solid material------ 1m
Temperature
difference between two parts of that material------ 1k
Heat Exchanger:
It is one type of device which can transfer heat from one fluid to another fluid. Example- Radiator, intercooler, preheater, condenser, boiler etc.
It is one type of device which can transfer heat from one fluid to another fluid. Example- Radiator, intercooler, preheater, condenser, boiler etc.
Refrigeration:
It is the process of removing heat from a substance. Actually, extraction of heat from a body whose temperature is already below the temperature of its surroundings.
It is the process of removing heat from a substance. Actually, extraction of heat from a body whose temperature is already below the temperature of its surroundings.
1 tonne of refrigeration:
It is amount of refrigeration effect or cooling effect which is produced by uniform melting of 1 tonne ice in 24 hours from or at 0 degree centigrade or freezing 1 tonne water in 24 hours from or at 0 degree centigrade.
It is amount of refrigeration effect or cooling effect which is produced by uniform melting of 1 tonne ice in 24 hours from or at 0 degree centigrade or freezing 1 tonne water in 24 hours from or at 0 degree centigrade.
Humidification:
It is the addition of moisture to the air without change dry bulb temperatur.
It is the addition of moisture to the air without change dry bulb temperatur.
Dehumidification:
It is the removal of moisture from the air without change dry bulb temperature.
It is the removal of moisture from the air without change dry bulb temperature.
Gear Train:
Meshing of two or more gear. It can transmit power from one shaft to another shaft.
Meshing of two or more gear. It can transmit power from one shaft to another shaft.
Heat Treatment:
Operation involving heating and cooling of a metal in solid state for obtaining desirable condition without being changed chemical composition.Its object-increase hardness of metal.increase quality of metal ( heat, corrosion,wear resistance quality )improve machinability.
Ferrous Metal:
1. Cast Iron - (2-6.67)%C, Si, Mn, P, S
1. Cast Iron - (2-6.67)%C, Si, Mn, P, S
2. Steel -
(0-2)%C
3. Wrought
Iron - 99.5% Fe
Non-Ferrous Metal:
1. Brass - (Cu+Zn)
1. Brass - (Cu+Zn)
2. Bronze -
(Sn+Cu)
------ Tin Bronze
(Si+Cu)
------- Silicon Bronze
(Al+Cu)
------- Aluminium Bronze
Allowance:
It is the difference between basic dimension of mating parts. That means, minimum clearance between mating parts that can be allowed.
It is the difference between basic dimension of mating parts. That means, minimum clearance between mating parts that can be allowed.
Tolerance:
It is the difference between upper limit of dimension. It is also the permissible variation above and below the basic size. That means maximum permissible variation in dimensions.
It is the difference between upper limit of dimension. It is also the permissible variation above and below the basic size. That means maximum permissible variation in dimensions.
Clearance:
It is the difference in size between mating parts. That means, in that case the outside dimension of the shaft is less than internal dimension of the hole.
It is the difference in size between mating parts. That means, in that case the outside dimension of the shaft is less than internal dimension of the hole.
Stiffness:
It is the ability to resist deformation.
It is the ability to resist deformation.
Toughness:
It is the property to resist fracture.
It is the property to resist fracture.
Fatigue:
When a material is subjected to repeated stress below yield point stress, such type of failure is fatigue failure.
When a material is subjected to repeated stress below yield point stress, such type of failure is fatigue failure.
Nuclear Fission:
It is a nuclear reaction by which one big nucleous divided into two or more nucleous.
It is a nuclear reaction by which one big nucleous divided into two or more nucleous.
Nuclear Fussion:
It is also a nuclear reaction by which one big nucleous will produced by adding two small nucleous.
Welding:
It is the process of joining two similar or dissimilar metal by fusion.
It is the process of joining two similar or dissimilar metal by fusion.
Arc Welding -
* need D.C
current
* produced
(6000-7000) Degree Centegrade Temperature
Gas Welding -
* Oxy -
acetylene flame join metals
* Oxygen
& acetylene gas works
* produced
3200 Degree Centegrade Temperature
Machine Tool:
It is the power driven tool. It cut & form all kinds of metal parts.
It is the power driven tool. It cut & form all kinds of metal parts.
Example - 1.
Lathe2. Drill Press3. Shaper4. Planer5. Grinding6. Miling7. Broaching8. Boring
Cutting Tool:
Tool
Materials for Cutting Tool:
1. High Carbon Steel
1. High Carbon Steel
2. High
Speed Steel (W+Cr+V)
3. Carbide
(W Carbide+Ti Carbide+Co Carbide)
Indexing:
It is the
method of dividing periphery of job into equal number of division. Actually, it
is the process of dividing circular or other shape of workpiece into equal
space, division or angle.
Jig:
It is one type of device which hold & locate workpiece and also guide & control cutting tool. It uses in drilling, reaming and tapping.
Fixture:
It is one type of device which hold and locate workpiece. It uses in miling, grinding, planning & turning.
Jig:
It is one type of device which hold & locate workpiece and also guide & control cutting tool. It uses in drilling, reaming and tapping.
Fixture:
It is one type of device which hold and locate workpiece. It uses in miling, grinding, planning & turning.
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